Microalbumuria

Screening for microalbumuria in non-diabetics is a good way to screen for CV risks. The microalbumuria is caused by endothelial dysfunction.

Electrolyte imbalances that occur in diabetes

• Hypocalcaemia - kidney doesn't activate vitamin D -> decreased GIT absorption of Ca
  
• Hyponatraemia
• Hyperphosphataemia - it can't be excreted. Treatment is by giving a phosphate binder e.g. mylanta.